mod_cband - A per-user, per-virtualhost and per-destination bandwidth
limiter for the Apache HTTP Server Version 2
Documentation
=============
1. Units accepted in various directives:
* transfer speeds:
o kbps, Mbps, Gbps - multiples of "bits per second", respectively: 1024, 1024*1024 and 1024*1024*1024 bps
o kb/s, Mb/s, Gb/s - multiples of "bytes per second", respectively: 1024, 1024*1024 and 1024*1024*1024 b/s
o defaults to kbps
* transfer quotas:
o K, M, G - multiples of bytes, respectively: 1000, 1000*1000 and 1000*1000*1000 bytes
o Ki, Mi, Gi - multiples of bytes, respectively: 1024, 1024*1024 and 1024*1024*1024 bytes
o defaults to K
* time periods:
o S, M, H, D, W - multiples of seconds: Seconds, Minutes, Hours, Days, Weeks; respectively: 1, 60, 3600, 86400, 604800 seconds
o defaults to S
2. Directives
Name CBandDefaultExceededURL
Description Default URL where mod_cband should redirect all requests to the virtualhost or
user when the configured transfer limit is exceeded
NOTE: If you don't specify the exceeded URL location then standard 503 Service Unavailable
will be sent
Context Server config
Syntax CBandDefaultExceededURL URL
Name CBandDefaultExceededCode
Description The http code sent to the user when the configured transfer is exceeded
Context Server config
Syntax CBandDefaultExceededCode HTTP_CODE
Example CBandDefaultExceededCode 509
Name CBandScoreFlushPeriod
Description Specifies a period after which the score for the virtualhost or user is written to the scoreboard file. Use this to improve mod_cband's performance
Default 1
Context Server config
Syntax CBandScoreFlushPeriod number_of_requests
Example CBandScoreFlushPeriod 100
Any virtualhost's or user's scoreboard will be saved after 100 requests
Name CBandSpeed
Description Specifies a maximal speed for a virtualhost
Context <Virtualhost>
Syntax CBandSpeed kbps rps max_conn
kbps - maximal transfer speed in [kMG]bps or [kMG]B/s
rps - maximal requests per second
max_conn - maximal number of simultaneous connections
Example CBandSpeed 1024 10 30
Specifies maximal speed 1024kbps (1024 * 1024 bits per second),
maximal 10 requests per second and with a maximum of 30 open connections
NOTE: This feature is available from version 0.9.6.0
Name CBandRemoteSpeed
Description Specifies maximal speed for any remote client
Context <Virtualhost>
Syntax CBandRemoteSpeed kbps rps max_conn
kbps - maximal transfer speed in [kMG]bps or [kMG]B/s
rps - maximal requests per second
max_conn - maximal number of simultaneous connections
Example CBandRemoteSpeed 20kb/s 3 3
Specifies maximal speed 20kB/s (20 * 1024 bytes per second),
maximal 3 requests per second and 3 open connections for any remote client
NOTE: This feature is available from version 0.9.6.1-rc2
Name CBandClassRemoteSpeed
Description Specifies maximal speed for any remote client from some destination class
Context <Virtualhost>
Syntax CBandClassRemoteSpeed class_name kbps rps
class_name - name of defined destination class
kbps - maximal transfer speed in kbps or kB/s
rps - maximal requests per second
max_conn - maximal number of simultaneous connections
Example <CBandClass googlebot_class>
CBandClassDst 66.249.64/24
CBandClassDst 66.249.65/24
CBandClassDst 66.249.79/24
</CBandClass>
CBandClassRemoteSpeed googlebot_class 20kb/s 2 3
Specifies maximal speed 20kB/s (20 * 1024 bytes per second),
maximal 2 requests per second and 3 open connections for any remote client from
class googlebot_class
NOTE: This feature is available from version 0.9.6.1-rc2
Name CBandRandomPulse
Description Turns On or Off the random pulse generator for data sending
Random pulse generator is a part of the speed-limiting implementation of mod_cband.
This directive changes the way a connection's speed is determined and enforced.
The connections' speeds are measured within some time period and then provided for in
that period. When r.p.g. is enabled this period is chosen randomly,
providing for a statisticaly saner load distribution. Disabling this causes spikes both in
bandwidth and cpu usages
Context Global
Syntax CBandRandomPulse On/Off
Name CBandLimit
Description Specifies bandwidth limit for virtualhost
Context <Virtualhost>
Syntax CBandLimit limit
limit - bandwidth quota size, available units: K (kilo), M (mega), G (giga), Ki (kibi),
Mi (mebi), Gi (gibi)
Example CBandLimit 10M
Specifies 10 * 1000 * 1000 bytes bandwidth quota
CBandLimit 10Mi
Specifies 10 * 1024 * 1024 bytes bandwidth quota
Name CBandClassLimit
Description Specifies bandwidth limit for virtualhost's destination class
Context <Virtualhost>
Syntax CBandClassLimit class_name limit
class_name - the name of defined class
limit - bandwidth quota size, available units: K (kilo), M (mega), G (giga), Ki (kibi),
Mi (mebi), Gi (gibi)
Name CBandExceededURL
Description Specifies a URL where mod_cband should redirect all requests to a virtualhost when the configured transfer limit is exceeded NOTE: If you don't specify the exceeded URL location then standard 503 Service Unavailable will be sent
Context <Virtualhost>
Syntax CBandExceededURL URL
Name CBandExceededSpeed
Description Specifies maximal speed to which mod_cband slows down a virtualhost when the configured transfer limit is exceeded
Context <Virtualhost>
Syntax CBandExceededSpeed kbps rps max_conn
kbps - maximal transfer speed in kbps or kB/s
rps - maximal requests per second
max_conn - maximal number of simultaneous connections
NOTE: This feature is available from version 0.9.6.0
Name CBandScoreboard
Description Specifies virtualhost's scoreboard file
Context <Virtualhost>
Syntax CBandScoreboard path
NOTE: The path must be writeable for the apache-user
Name CBandPeriod
Description Specifies a period after which a virtualhost's usages are cleared
Context <Virtualhost>
Syntax CBandPeriod period
period - available units: S (seconds), M (minutes), H (hours), D (days), W (weeks)
Example CBandPeriod 1W
CBandPeriod 14D
CBandPeriod 60M
Name CBandPeriodSlice
Description Specifies the period slice length
Default slice_len = limit
Context <Virtualhost>
Syntax CBandPeriodSlice slice_length
Example CBandLimit 100G
CBandPeriod 4W
CBandPeriodSlice 1W
A period will be divided into 4 small slices (4W/1W = 4). Each slice has 100G/4=25G
bandwidth limit. After 1W slice limit will be 50G, after 2W will be 75G ...
Name <CBandUser>
Description Define a new cband user
Context Server config
Syntax <CBandUser user_name>
Name CBandUserSpeed
Description Specifies maximal speed for a cband user
Context <CBandUser>
Syntax CBandUserSpeed kbps rps max_conn
kbps - maximal transfer speed in kbps or kB/s
rps - maximal requests per second
max_conn - maximal number of simultaneous connections
Example CBandUserSpeed 100kb/s 10 5
Specifies maximal speed 100 kB/s (100 * 1024 bytes per second),
maximal 10 requests per second and 5 open connections
NOTE: This feature is available from version 0.9.6.0
Name CBandUserLimit
Description Specifies bandwidth limit for a cband user
Context <CBandUser>
Syntax CBandUserLimit limit
limit - bandwidth quota size, available units: K (kilo), M (mega), G (giga), Ki (kibi),
Mi (mebi), Gi (gibi)
Example CBandUserLimit 10M
Specifies 10 * 1000 * 1000 bytes bandwidth quota
CBandUserLimit 10Mi
Specifies 10 * 1024 * 1024 bytes bandwidth quota
Name CBandUserClassLimit
Description Specifies bandwidth limit for a cband user's destination class
Context <CBandUser>
Syntax CBandUserClassLimit class_name limit
class_name - the name of defined class
limit - bandwidth quota size, available units: K (kilo), M (mega), G (giga), Ki (kibi),
Mi (mebi), Gi (gibi)
Name CBandUserExceededURL
Description Specifies a URL where mod_cband should redirect all requests to user's virtualhost when the configured transfer limit is exceeded
NOTE: If you don't specify the exceeded URL location then standard 503 Service Unavailable will be sent
Context <CBandUser>
Syntax CBandUserExceededURL URL
Name CBandUserExceededSpeed
Description Specifies maximal speed to which mod_cband slows down user when the configured transfer limit is exceeded
NOTE: CBandUserExceededURL must not be used if you want to only slow down user's pages with
CBandUserExceededSpeed directive
Context <CBandUser>
Syntax CBandUserExceededSpeed kbps rps max_conn
kbps - maximal transfer speed in kbps or kB/s
rps - maximal requests per second
max_conn - maximal number of simultaneous connections
NOTE: This feature is available from version 0.9.6.0
Name CBandUserScoreboard
Description Specifies a user's scoreboard file
Context <CBandUser>
Syntax CBandUserScoreboard path
NOTE: The path must be writeable for the apache-user
Name CBandUserPeriod
Description Specifies a period after which a user's usages are cleared
Context <CBandUser>
Syntax CBandUserPeriod period
period - available units: S (seconds), M (minutes), H (hours), D (days), W (weeks)
Example CBandUserPeriod 1W
CBandUserPeriod 14D
CBandUserPeriod 60M
Name CBandUserPeriodSlice
Description Specifies a period slice length
Default slice_len = limit
Context <CBandUser>
Syntax CBandUserPeriodSlice slice_length
Example CBandUserLimit 100G
CBandUserPeriod 4W
CBandUserPeriodSlice 1W
A period will be divided into 4 small slices (4W/1W = 4). Each slice has 100G/4=25G
bandwidth limit. After 1W slice limit will be 50G, after 2W will be 75G ...
3. Status Handler Configuration Example
To view actual bandwidth limits, usages, users, scoreboards, add the following lines into the config file:
<Location /cband-status>
SetHandler cband-status
</Location>
<Location /cband-status-me>
SetHandler cband-status-me
</Location>
Then you can access the status page with a URL like:
http://server_name/cband-status
http://server_name/cband-status-me
An example of the cband-status is available here
An example of the cband-status-me is available here
In versions >=0.9.5-rc1 you can also view /cband-status handler in the XML format:
http://server_name/cband-status?xml
http://server_name/cband-status-me?xml
An example of the cband-status in the XML format is available here
An example of the cband-status-me in the XML format is available here
4. Bandwidth Speed Configuration Example
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot /var/www/xyz.org/
ServerName xyz.org
CustomLog /var/log/apache2/xyz.org.access combined
ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/xyz.org.access.error
RewriteEngine On
RewriteOptions inherit
# Maximal 1024kbps speed for this virtualhost
# Maximal 10 requests per second for this virtualhost
# Maximal 30 open connections for this virtualhost
CBandSpeed 1024 10 30
# Maximal 10kB/s speed, 3 requests/s and 2 open connections for any remote client
CBandRemoteSpeed 10kb/s 3 2
# Maximal 20kB/s speed, 2 requests/s and 3 open connections for remote
# clients from class googlebot_class :P
CBandClassRemoteSpeed googlebot_class 20kb/s 2 3
</VirtualHost>
5. Bandwidth Quota Configuration Example
per-virtualhost bandwidth limiting configuration
Next, you may define virtualhost's bandwidth limits, URL location and the path to scoreboard files for individual virtualhosts:
# specify default 'bandwidth exceeded' location
CBandDefaultExceededURL http://haha.org/bandwidth_exceeded.html
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot /var/www/xyz.org/
ServerName xyz.org
CustomLog /var/log/apache2/xyz.org.access combined
ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/xyz.org.access.error
RewriteEngine On
RewriteOptions inherit
# 100MB virtualhost bandwidth limit
CBandLimit 100000
# redirect to http://abc.org/bandwidth_exceeded.html
# when the limit has been reached
CBandExceededURL http://abc.org/bandwidth_exceeded.html
# virtualhost's scoreboard file
CBandScoreboard /var/run/apache2/xyz.org.scoreboard
# a period of time after which the scoreboard will be cleared (30 minutes)
# (only in >=0.9.5-rc2)
CBandPeriod 30M
</VirtualHost>
per-user bandwidth limiting configuration (only in versions >=0.9.1)
In versions >=0.9.1 you can define limits for users and assign virtualhosts to them
# define user 'dembol'
<CBandUser dembol>
# 200MB bandwidth limit for user 'dembol'
CBandUserLimit 200000
# redirect to http://abc.org/bandwidth_exceeded.html
# when the limit has been reached
CBandUserExceededURL http://abc.org/bandwidth_exceeded.html
# user's scoreboard file
CBandUserScoreboard /var/run/apache2/dembol.scoreboard
# a period of time after which the scoreboard will be cleared (5 weeks)
# (only in >=0.9.5-rc2)
CBandUserPeriod 5W
</CBandUser>
# assign virtualhost 'xyz.org' to user 'dembol'
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName xyz.org
# Specify virtualhost's owner
CBandUser dembol
</VirtualHost>
# assign virtualhost 'aga.org' to user 'dembol'
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName aga.org
# Specify virtualhost's owner
CBandUser dembol
</VirtualHost>
per-user and per-virtualhost bandwidth limiting configuration (only in versions >=0.9.1)
In versions >=0.9.1 you can also mix per-user and per-virtualhost bandwidth limiting techniques
# define user 'dembol'
<CBandUser dembol>
# 200MB bandwidth limit for user 'dembol'
CBandUserLimit 200000
# redirect to http://abc.org/bandwidth_exceeded.html
# when the limit has been reached
CBandUserExceededURL http://abc.org/bandwidth_exceeded.html
# user's scoreboard file
CBandUserScoreboard /var/run/apache2/dembol.scoreboard
# a period of time after which the scoreboard will be cleared (4 days)
# (only in >=0.9.5-rc2)
CBandUserPeriod 4D
</CBandUser>
# assign virtualhost 'xyz.org' to user 'dembol'
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName xyz.org
# Specify virtualhost's owner
CBandUser dembol
# 100MB virtualhost bandwidth limit
CBandLimit 100000
# redirect to http://abc.org/bandwidth_exceeded.html
# when the limit has been reached
CBandExceededURL http://abc.org/bandwidth_exceeded.html
# virtualhost's scoreboard file
CBandScoreboard /var/run/apache2/xyz.org.scoreboard
# a period of time after which the scoreboard will be cleared (50 minutes)
# (only in >=0.9.5-rc2)
CBandPeriod 50M
</VirtualHost>
# assign virtualhost 'aga.org' to user 'dembol'
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName aga.org
# Specify virtualhost's owner
CBandUser dembol
</VirtualHost>
per-destination bandwidth limiting configuration (only in >=0.9.5-rc1 versions)
In >= 0.9.5-rc1 you can limit traffic to some destination classes. The destination classes are defined by <CBandClass class_name> section. The limits for the classes are specified by CBandClassLimit and CBandUserClassLimit commands
# define 'class_1'
<CBandClass class_1>
CBandClassDst 217.172.231.67
CBandClassDst 127/8
CBandClassDst 192.168.0.0/24
CBandClassDst 10.0.0.20
</CBandClass>
# define 'class_2'
<CBandClass class_2>
CBandClassDst 192.168.100.100
CBandClassDst 153.19/16
</CBandClass>
<CBandUser dembol>
CBandUserLimit 1000000
CBandUserExceededURL http://edns.pl/bandwidth_exceeded.html
CBandUserScoreboard /home/dembol/write/user.dembol.scoreboard
# 500MB limit for 'class_2'
CBandUserClassLimit class_2 500000
</CBandUser>
<VirtualHost *:80>
...
CBandUser dembol
# 1GB limit for 'class_1'
CBandClassLimit class_1 1000000
# a period of time after which the scoreboard will be cleared (120 seconds)
# (only in >=0.9.5-rc2)
CBandPeriod 120S
</VirtualHost>
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